International sanctions – in recent years led by the U.S. – have undoubtedly made things harder. “Certainly, the existence of sanctions is a serious challenge for our projects, especially international projects, as it makes it difficult to mobilize international resources and even to promote international experience and knowledge exchanges,” says Providas.

A critical element to the project has involved persuading farmers to change their practices. To date there has been a 35% reduction in water use by local farms and a 40% reduction in the use of traditional pesticides. In addition, local rivers which feed the lake have been dredged to remove the silt which was blocking them and more water has been released from nearby dams. Providas also notes that “favorable climate conditions have also accelerated the restoration process of the lake.” West Azerbaijan province – which one half of the lake is in – has seen 20% more rain over the past year than the long-term average; last year it was 71% higher than the norm.

The improving environment is helping new industries to take root, which could be a key factor in ensuring the progress made in recent years isn’t lost in the future. “We have observed new economic activities such as ecotourism and bird watching [and] territorial branding for local products," says Providas. “Having a healthy lake at the centre of the socio-economic development plans is the ultimate goal."

https://www.forbes.com/sites/dominicdudley/2020/05/14/irans-lake-urmia-how-a-dying-salt-lake-is-being-brought-back-from-the-brink/?sh=61298ed7165d

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